Importance of Job Design

 

Importance of Job Design

Job design specifies the contents of jobs in order to satisfy work requirements and meet the personal needs of the job holder.





According to Ali & Aroosiya, (2013), job design is the “functions of arranging task, duties and responsibilities in to an organizational unit of work” 


What is the different between Jobs and roles

Image 1 Division between jobs and roles (Armstrong, 2014)

The  model for job characteristics

The most significant model for job design is the job characteristics model developed by Hackman & Oldham, (1974). They identified five main job characteristics (Armstrong, 2014):
Image 2 Main job characteristics (Armstrong, 2014)

Supportive techniques for job design 
Techniques of job design (Belias & Sklikas, 2013)

Job Rotation
The arrangement of employees rotating from one job to another, in a predetermined way is called as job rotation (Durai, 2010).

Job Enlargement
Job enlargement is identified as “transforms the jobs to include more and/or different tasks” (Durai, 2010). 

Job Enrichment
Job enrichment refers to “the development of work practices that challenge and motivate employees to perform better” (Durai, 2010).

Self-managing teams (autonomous work groups)
A self-managing team enlarges individual jobs to include a wider range of operative skills (multiskilling) (Armstrong, 2014).

Most time wasters in jobs

Nearly 9 in 10 employees (86 %) revealed that they lose time each day on work unrelated to their core job, with 41%  of full-time employees wasting more than an hour a day on these extraneous activities, according to a workforce management provider Kronos Incorporated survey. The survey was conducted on 2,800 employees, both full and part, in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Mexico and Britain.

40% of employees waste an hour-plus each day on administrative tasks that do not drive value for their organisation.

The next highest-rated daily tasks for individual contributors is collaborating with

  1. co-workers 42%,
  2. administrative work 35%,
  3. manual labour 33% and
  4. responding to emails 31%.

While HR managers list

  1. attending to meetings 27%,
  2. administrative work 27%,
  3. collaborating with co-workers 26% and
  4. responding to emails 26% as the top ways they spend their workday.

The survey also reveals that full time employees feel

  1. Fixing a problem not caused by me 22%
  2. and administrative work 17% as the top two tasks they waste the most time on at work.
  3. Meetings 12%,
  4. email 11% and
  5. customer issues 11% round out the top five time-wasters.



Designing Efficient Jobs

If workers perform tasks as efficiently as possible, not only does the organization benefit from lower costs and greater output per worker, but workers should be less fatigued. This point of view has for years formed the basis of classical industrial engineering, which looks for the simplest way to structure work in order to maximize efficiency. Typically, applying industrial engineering to a job reduces the complexity of the work, making it so simple that almost anyone can be trained quickly and easily to perform the job. Such jobs tend to be highly specialized and repetitive.

In practice, the scientific method traditionally seeks the "one best way" to perform a job by performing time-and-motion studies to identify the most efficient movements for workers to make. Once the engineers have identified the most efficient sequence of motions, the organization should select workers based on their ability to do the job, then train them in the details of the "one best way" to perform that job. The company also should offer pay structured to motivate workers to do their best.

Despite the logical benefits of industrial engineering, a focus on efficiency alone can create jobs that are so simple and repetitive that workers get bored. Workers performing these jobs may feel their work is meaningless. Hence, most organizations combine industrial engineering with other approaches to job design

Conclusion

 Increasing an organization’s ability to meet its goals effectively and providing job satisfaction to the employees is the main purpose of job design. This is effective for the enhancement of employees’ job satisfaction, motivation of workers, and ultimately the increase of employees’ performance and productivity.


References


Aroosiya, M.A.C.F. and Hussain Ali, M.A.M., 2013. Impact of job design on employees’ performance: with special reference to school teachers in the Kalmunai Zone.

Armstrong, M. & Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice.

Belias, D. & Sklikas, D., 2013. ASPECTS OF JOB DESIGN. International Journal of Human Resource Management and Research (IJHRMR). 3. 85-94.

Hackman, J R. & Oldham, G R (1974) Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, 16 (2), pp 250–79.

Panmore Institute (2020). google-hrm-hr-planning-job-analysis-design. [online] Available from http://panmore.com/google-hrm-hr-planning-job-analysis-design [Accessed: 30th April 2021].

what is human resource (2019). job design . [online] Available from http://www.whatishumanresource.com/job-design  [Accessed: 30th April 2021].

Comments

  1. Job design can be defined as “the specification of the contents, methods, and relationships of jobs in order to satisfy technological and organizational requirements as well as the social and personal requirements of the job holder” (Armstrong, 2003).

    ReplyDelete
  2. Job design is an important method managers can use to enhance employee performance. Job design is how organizations define and structure jobs. As we will see, properly designed jobs can have a positive impact on the motivation, performance, and job satisfaction of those who perform them.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Job analysis provides information about the skills and competency required to perform a job efficiently. Conversely, job design strives at organizing tasks, duties, and responsibilities associated with a job to achieve organizational as well as individual objectives. Job design is a relatively new term in HRM. Author has written a well organised article.

    ReplyDelete

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